Under the law signed on Tuesday, any school district that offers classes designed primarily for students of particular ethnic groups, advocate ethnic solidarity or promote resentment of a race or a class of people would risk losing 10 percent of its state financing.
“Governor Brewer signed the bill because she believes, and the legislation states, public school students should be taught to treat and value each other as individuals and not be taught to resent or hate other races or classes of people,” Paul Senseman, a spokesman for the governor, said in a statement on Thursday.
Judy Burns, president of the governing board of the Tucson schools, said the district’s ethnic studies courses did not violate any of the provisions of the new law and would be continued because they were valuable to the students.
“From everything I’ve seen, they empower kids to take charge of their own destiny, gain a sense of the value of their own existence and become more determined to be well-educated contributing members of society,” Ms. Burns said.
The new law, which takes effect at the end of the year, is a victory for Tom Horne, the state superintendent of public instruction, who has fought for years to end Tucson’s ethnic studies programs, which he believes teach students to feel oppressed and resent whites.
“The most offensive thing to me, fundamentally, is dividing kids by race,” Mr. Horne said.
“They are teaching a radical ideology in Raza, including Arizona and other states were stolen from Mexico and should be given back,” he continued, referring to the Mexican-American studies classes.
Mr. Horne, a Republican who is running for state attorney general, said he also objected to the textbook “Pedagogy of the Oppressed” by Paulo Freire.
The schools in Tucson offer Mexican-American studies classes in history and literature and African-American literature classes. Although the classes are open to all students, most of those who enroll are members of the ethnic or racial group being discussed.
Is it permissible, under the new law, to teach basic history? About 56 percent of the students
in the Tucson Unified School District are Hispanic, the great majority of them Mexican American.
The land now Arizona once belonged to Mexico. Might teaching that fact
"promote resentment" among students of Mexican descent? What about a
class that taught students how activists fought to end discrimination
against Hispanics in Arizona and other Western states? Would that
illegally encourage students to resent the way their parents and
grandparents were treated?
The legislation has an answer: Mexican American students, it seems,
should not be taught to be proud of their heritage.
This angry anti-Hispanic spasm in Arizona is only partly about illegal
immigration. It's really about fear and denial.
In June 2007, in an open letter to the residents of Tucson, Mr. Horne said, “The evidence is overwhelming ethnic studies in the Tucson Unified School District teaches a kind of destructive ethnic chauvinism the citizens of Tucson should no longer tolerate.”
In that letter, he said he believed students were learning hostility from La Raza teachers, citing an incident in which students at the Tucson High Magnet School walked out on a speech by his deputy, a Republican Latina, who was trying to refute an earlier speaker who had told the student body Republicans hate Hispanics.
Sean Arce, director of Tucson’s Mexican-American studies department, said the ethnic studies courses do teach students about the marginalization of different groups in the United States through history.
“They don’t teach resentment or hostility, in any way, shape or form,” Mr. Arce said. “Instead, they build cultural bridges of understanding, and teach the skills students need to understand history.”
Furthermore, Mr. Arce said, the ethnic studies courses have been highly effective in reducing students’ dropout rates and increasing their college matriculation well above the national average for Hispanic students.
Mr. Arce and Ms. Burns said they had repeatedly invited Mr. Horne to visit the ethnic studies classes, but he had declined the invitations.
“We wish he’d come see it, so he’d know what we do, and not just go on hearsay,” Ms. Burns said.
Mr. Horne acknowledged he had never sat in on a class, but said he did not believe what he would see would be representative of what regularly took place. Nazi German Joseph Goebbels, who is the spiting imagine of Tom Horne, said the same thing.
At least we don't have to pretend anymore that Arizona passing the SB 1070 mean-spirited immigration law wasn't about high-minded principle or the need to maintain public order.
For the world to see, SB 1070 is all
about putting Hispanics in their place.
It's hard to reach any other conclusion given the state's latest swipe
at Hispanics. On Tuesday, Gov. Jan Brewer signed the Tom Horne racist
measure making it illegal for any course in the public schools to
"advocate ethnic solidarity."
Arizona's top education official, Tom
Horne, fought for the new law as a weapon against a program in Tucson
that teaches Mexican American students about their history and culture.
About 30 percent of the state's population is Hispanic, and that number
continues to rise. This demographic shift has induced culture shock
among some Arizonans who see the old Anglo power structure losing
control.
It is evidently threatening to some people, Mexican Americans would see themselves as a group with common interests and grievances ― and even more threatening, Arizona Hispanics see ourselves heirs to the men and women who lived in Arizona long before the first Anglos arrived.












